精致課堂：中考英語選詞填空技巧.pptVIP

,中考專題,之,選詞填空,課標(biāo)要求,在考試中，詞匯試題主要是考查學(xué)生掌握所學(xué)詞匯的程度。它要求考生必須掌握課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所要求的詞匯，尤其是重點(diǎn)詞匯的語義和用法，以根據(jù)句意選擇所給詞的正確形式填空。 1. 能熟練地運(yùn)用基本拼讀規(guī)則拼寫單詞，并能根據(jù)所學(xué)的構(gòu)詞法判斷和記憶派生詞和合成詞的詞形和詞義。 2. 學(xué)會使用1500-1600個(gè)單詞和200-300個(gè)習(xí)慣用語或固定搭配，能夠在實(shí)際語言環(huán)境中做到活學(xué)活用。 3. 理解和領(lǐng)會詞語的基本含義以及特定語境中的意義及用法。,它是在一篇語意完整的短文中有目的地制造一些空格（障礙物），造成信息鏈（語義）的中斷，讓考生在理解短文的基礎(chǔ)上，綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識和常識，對每個(gè)題的備選項(xiàng)作出合理的分析、判斷，選出最佳答案，將空格處缺失的信息補(bǔ)充完整，使重新構(gòu)建的文章主旨鮮明，邏輯嚴(yán)密，文意通暢。,特點(diǎn),：,1詞匯是學(xué)習(xí)英語的基礎(chǔ)，也是中考的高頻考點(diǎn)之一。近幾年來，許多省市的中考英語都非常重視考生在具體語境中運(yùn)用詞匯能力的考查，詞匯部分在歷年中考題中約占總分值的5%10%。 2命題特點(diǎn)：主要考查一些高頻詞匯(如名詞、動詞、形容詞等)；考查各類詞形變化；考查六種時(shí)態(tài)的正確運(yùn)用。 3考查題型：根據(jù)句意及漢語提示拼寫單詞；根據(jù)句意及首字母提示寫出正確單詞；用括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空；用方框內(nèi)所給單詞或短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。 4預(yù)計(jì)2015年中考將會加大對各類詞匯的靈活運(yùn)用及單詞拼寫能力的考查。,1做此類題目首先要正確寫出所給漢語提示所對應(yīng)的英語詞匯。 2若有兩個(gè)以上的詞匯符合所給的漢語意思，則要根據(jù)具體語境及固定搭配形式進(jìn)行取舍。 3然后從語法角度確定英語詞匯的適當(dāng)形式。若填寫的是名詞，就要注意用名詞的單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)；若填寫的是形容詞、副詞，就要注意是否需要用比較級或最高級形式；如果是動詞，就要注意它們的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)等。,詞語運(yùn)用（短文填空）是河南省中考英語自2008年出現(xiàn)的新題型，一直沿用至今。它建立在完形填空和閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上，但要難于完形和閱讀，因?yàn)樗枰荚嚥粌H能夠選中所需填的詞，還要給出正確的形式。 一般短文填空的題材為記敘文和說明文。 做此題一般需要8分鐘左右，一定不能超過10分鐘。,?？疾辄c(diǎn)為： 1 動詞 2 名詞 3 形容詞 4 副詞 5 代詞 6 數(shù)詞 7 連詞 8 介詞 （冠詞和感嘆詞不考）,1 動詞：4-5個(gè)，包括謂語動詞的數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、非謂語 ing、ed、(to) do，注意個(gè)別的拼寫，如stopped； 2 名詞： 2個(gè)左右，包括單復(fù)數(shù)（-s），名詞所有格（s/ s），詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換等； 3 形容詞：2-3個(gè)，考查原級、比較級、最高級，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換等； 4 副詞：1-2個(gè)，考查修飾動詞、句子等，常由形容詞派生而來(hard-hard; good-well; careful-carefully)； 5 代詞：1個(gè)，考查不定代詞、物主代詞、人稱代詞的主格、賓格，反身代詞等，一般由意思決定； 6 數(shù)詞：1個(gè)，常考查判斷是序數(shù)詞還是基數(shù)詞； 7 連詞：1個(gè)，考查句子間的邏輯關(guān)系； 8 介詞：1個(gè)，?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z搭配。,做題步驟： 1 預(yù)讀短文，了解大意：速度短文，不填空。了解文章的大意、重要的動作時(shí)態(tài)； 2 逐一填空，仔細(xì)對比：每一個(gè)空都要比較所有的備選詞，只要意思和語法都通的就都填上，把備選單詞一個(gè)一個(gè)勾劃掉；選定單詞后，確定正確的形式。 3 通讀短文，復(fù)查答案：站在短文中心意思的立場上，確立每個(gè)空所填的單詞，逐個(gè)檢查形式，可以從以往的經(jīng)驗(yàn)去判斷。 重點(diǎn)檢查內(nèi)容： 1大小寫 2 名詞單復(fù)數(shù) 3 動詞時(shí)態(tài) 4 形容詞比較級 5 多余詞,確立答案方法： 1 意思優(yōu)先原則 通過把備選詞的意思逐個(gè)帶入空中，先確定填哪個(gè)詞，在確定它的形式。,通過意思很容易讀出，“他不會告訴任何人，除了我和你”，直接可以找到except。,need , animal , I , put , make , except , find , end , look , since , little , enough So I think he will not tell anybody _9_ you and me about what he found,確立答案方法： 2 語法優(yōu)先原則 首先通過分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，然后判斷空處所填的詞性，然后在備選項(xiàng)中逐個(gè)篩選。,通過句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知new 后應(yīng)該是一個(gè)名詞，充當(dāng)are的主語，而且是復(fù)數(shù)形式。因此，備選項(xiàng)中可數(shù)的名詞只有word和example，顯然words的意思最通。,French, same, word, Chinese, example, many, why, great, much, what, another, tell Languages change with time and the world. So does English. New _1_ are borrowed from other languages.,* 在未復(fù)查完成之前，不要草率地把答案寫在答題橫線上，一旦有錯(cuò)誤，不好更改，因此建議做題時(shí)可以直接填在原文中的空處，最后做完題可以把答案謄抄在答題橫線上。,詞語填空(共10小題。計(jì)10分)2008年 用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使短文通順、正確、連貫(每個(gè)單詞限用一次)。 like ，before，open，big， you，instead，watch， too ， be， tooth Hot Tips for a Good Nights Sleep If youre fired，youd better hot stay up lateSleep is lovelyenjoy it! Have a fixed bedtime It makes _feel calm if everything is in order before you sleepSo brush your _，wash your face， _the window and go to bedYour mind will take in all the cue(提示) that its time to go the land of dreams and Youll be sleeping _a baby in no time Go to bed when youre tired! If youre feeling really tired，go to bedDont stay up to _a late show，dont try to do a bit more workand dont plan to stay at your friends place _lateGo to bed Say yes to milk If you want a bedtime snack，have something calming and sleepyA glass of warm milk will help to sleep betterAnd try not to eat a _meal too close to bedtime，which keeps you awake Turn off the TV TV programmes make you excitedDont watch anything for an hour _you go to bedListen to some relaxing music_! It will send you to sleep in no time at all All the tips above _for a good nights sleepYour bodys going to thank you very much for it,you,teeth,open,like,watch,too,big,are,before,instead,詞語填空（共10小題，計(jì)10分）2009年 用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使短文通順、正確、連貫（每個(gè)單詞限用一次）。 pick less which color true visit without toy because longer How to be a Green One What does it mean to be green? “Green” is more than just a _. It also means taking special steps to protect the environment land, and the air we breathe. Why green? Plants are green, and _them the Earth wouldnt be such a lovely human beings. Heres a four-step guide to being green: Reduce It! When you use less of something, you do for the Earth. For example, a shorter shower means you use _water and less fuel (燃料) _your house uses fuel to run the water heater that warms up the water. Reuse It! Sometimes were a little too willing to things and buy new things. Many times, if you no _need something, someone else just might need it. For example, if your baby brother grows out of_, why not give them to another has a little kid? Recycle It! Recycling has never been easier. Many people will _it up right in front of your house and they will need it. Tell your mom or dad become “Head of Recycling” for your house. That means youll take the recyclable things in dustbins tell others _things can be recycled. Enjoy It! Its _that pollution is a problem remains a huge and beautiful place for you to go and study. You can start by _the naturally beautiful places in your hometown. Go for a hike, visit local nature centers and gardens, climb up mountains and so on.,color,without,less,because,longer,toys,pick,which,true,visiting,詞語填空（共10小題，計(jì)10分）2010年 用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使短文通順、正確、連貫（每個(gè)單詞限用一次）。 however, before, name, well, worst, notice, also, twice, and, give Naming the Baby Parents always think their babies are very special. They want others to _their children. For this reason, they sometimes give their children unusual_. They may choose names such as Chelma, Ukiah, Brianna, or Elvira. There are some advantages to this practice. A child who is _an uncommon name may feel special from childhood._, sometimes we remember people with unusual names _than we remember people with ordinary names. _ , unusual names can cause problems. They can be hard for teachers and friends to pronounce. They can also be hard to spell, _computers may automatically(自動地) change them. For example, Jule may become July. Some people may have a bad impression on an unusual name _they even meet the person. _of all, other children sometimes dont like kids with uncommon names. The message for parents is, “Think _before you give your child an unusual name.”,notice,names,given,Also,better,However,and,before,Worst,twice,VI詞語填空（共15小題，計(jì)15分）（2011年） 用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使短文通順、正確、連貫（每個(gè)單詞限用一次入 America， week， ask， be， happy， and， get， for， they， of， but， do ， day ， teacher ， friend Students in the United States are still enjoying their holidays. Christmas is over， but school _not begin again for another _Before they return， these is still another important holidaythe first _of the New Year. It is the last night of the old year， however， that people celebrate the most. Almost everyone is _to a party. It is nice to be with _when you say goodbye to the old year. The people at the parties _dancing and singing. Most of them look _. They are wearing paper hats _ making noise. It is _close to midnight now and everyone is stopping to watch the clock. At exactly midnight everyone cheers. A new year is beginning. Everyone is hoping _a very good new Year. For many young _， like my English _ son and daughter， this is a time of the year to think about the future. They make a list _things that they hope to do. They promise to stop smoking， to lose weight， to save _money or to do something else that is good. They call these promises resolutions （決心做的事）。 Some people remember their resolutions all year long，_many others forget them.,does,week,day,asked,friends,are,happy,and,getting,for,Americans,teachers,their,of,but,短文填空的命題基本要求：,1. 材料選取。 從考查的材料來看， 短文填空 主要選取反映學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)、生活、心理體會的文章； 其次，以社會熱點(diǎn)、名人事跡為輔、風(fēng)土人情； 再次，選取一般故事性的短文。,2. 難度控制。 從短文的詞匯數(shù)量上來看，一篇短文填空的詞匯量一般在180230個(gè)左右。從考查的詞匯而言，主要是大綱要求的四會詞語（即重點(diǎn)詞匯），不要求掌握的詞匯、一般詞匯，通常不作為考查的對象。,3. 考點(diǎn)的設(shè)置。 短文填空的考點(diǎn)設(shè)置，主要以名詞、動詞、形容詞副詞、介詞、連詞為主要考查對象，在短文的布局上遵循首句、末句不設(shè)空；不逐句設(shè)空的原則；每段設(shè)置23個(gè)空；在設(shè)空的同時(shí)，注意前后暗示和上下文相互暗示的原則。,短文填空的解題指導(dǎo)：,做短文填空試題，考生需要具備正確拼寫所學(xué)單詞的能力，具有一定的語法基礎(chǔ)知識，掌握一定的閱讀方法，這樣做起題才得心應(yīng)手。下面介紹一些方法供大家在答題時(shí)運(yùn)用。,一觀察：,觀察方框中所給的詞匯，和所給考題的材料取向。,二歸類：,對方框中所給的詞匯進(jìn)行詞性分類。 熟悉英語常見實(shí)詞變化形式和常見語法要點(diǎn)，尤其弄清楚它們在句中分別充當(dāng)何種句子成分。,三發(fā)散：,對各詞進(jìn)行發(fā)散性思維，構(gòu)建“知識樹” , 初步了解詞義。 .掌握詞類轉(zhuǎn)換的基本知識和詞形變化規(guī)則， 尤其是不規(guī)則變化，如carecarefulcarefully； childchildren（childrens）， farfartherfarthest等。 .詞匯的掌握要做到音、形、義相結(jié)合，即：詞義清晰、拼寫準(zhǔn)確、靈活運(yùn)用。如看到所給的詞是名詞，則馬上要想到其單復(fù)數(shù)、名詞所有格等問題。,詞根：詞性 n.,可數(shù),單數(shù),復(fù)數(shù),不可數(shù),形容詞,副詞,比較級,最高級,名詞所有格,名詞,名詞,詞根：動詞 ,謂語動詞,動詞原形,動詞三單,過去式,過去分詞,非謂語動詞,（原形）,動詞原形,動名詞,過去分詞,名詞,名詞單數(shù),名詞復(fù)數(shù),詞根：代詞 ,主格,賓格,形容詞性物主代詞,名詞性物主代詞,反身代詞,四通讀：,跳過空格，通讀全文，了解大意。從整體入手了解內(nèi)容大意，尤其關(guān)注文章首尾句，以便迅速抓住文章主旨，猜測作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)。在明確了主要信息之后，結(jié)合細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行分析、推理、歸納，從而把握住文章的中心，從而確定用什么樣的詞匯來補(bǔ)充缺失的信息最佳。,五關(guān)鍵：,做好句法分析，找出空前空后的關(guān)鍵詞。通過句法分析弄清要填的詞在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，是主語、謂語還是賓語等。如果是充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語，則大多需填名詞或代詞。如果是作謂語的則應(yīng)填動詞。定語的多為形容詞，狀語的多為副詞等等。（即：根據(jù)句意，確定詞性；根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，確定詞形。）,六檢查：,帶入原文，復(fù)讀檢查。,短文填詞答題技巧口訣,空前空后要注意， “名詞”單、復(fù)數(shù)要牢記， 還有s不能棄。,“動詞”注意要變形， “皇帝”、“大臣”要分清。,“形、副”注意要用三級， 副詞用法要謹(jǐn)記.。,要用“數(shù)詞”請留意， 千萬別忘“基”和“序”。,填入“代詞”需慎重， 五格變化記心中。,well , soft, second ,better , may , strongly,